| The efficacy of a muscle exercise program to improve functional
performance of the knee in patients with osteoarthritis. |
| J Med Assoc Thai 2002 Jan;85(1):33-40. |
|
A quem interessar,
EDMUNDO DE DRUMMOND ALVES
JUNIOR
ADMINISTRADOR DA LISTA
CEVIDOSO-L |
| Treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. |
| Lancet 2002 Jun 8;359(9322):2018-26. |
| The aim of treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis is to reduce
the frequency of vertebral and non-vertebral fractures (especially atthe
hip), which are responsible for morbidity associated with the disease.
Results of large placebo controlled trials have shown that alendronate,
raloxifene, risedronate, the 1-34 fragment of parathyroid hormone, and
nasal calcitonin, greatly reduce the risk of vertebral fractures.
Furthermore, a large reduction of non-vertebral fractures has been shown
for alendronate, risedronate, and the 1-34 fragment of parathyroid
hormone. Calcium and vitamin D supplementation is not sufficient to treat
individuals with osteoporosis but is useful, especially in elderly women
in care homes. Hormone replacement therapy remains a valuable option for
the prevention of osteoporosis in early postmenopausal women. Choice of
treatment depends on age, the presence or absence of prevalent fractures,
especially at the spine, and the degree of bone mineral density measured
at the spine and hip. Non-pharmacological interventions include adequate
calcium intake and diet, selected exercise programmes, reduction of other
risk factors for osteoporotic fractures, and reduction of the risk of
falls in elderly individuals. |
| Age-related reductions in appendicular skeletal muscle mass:
association with habitual aerobic exercise status. |
| Clin Physiol Funct Imaging 2002
May;22(3):169-72. |
| Appendicular skeletal muscle mass decreases with advancing age, and
this is thought to be a key factor for reductions in functional
independence in the elderly. We determined the potential modulatory
influence of regular aerobic exercise on the age-related reductions in
appendicular muscle mass. In the present cross-sectional study, we studied
a total of 131 healthy men aged 20-79 years. For at least the previous 2
years subjects were either sedentary or endurance-trained. Appendicular
skeletal muscle mass was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry.
There were no significant group differences in height. Body mass and body
surface area were lower in endurance-trained compared with sedentary men
(P<0.05). In general, body fat increased with age in both groups, but
was lower in endurance-trained compared with sedentary men at any age
group (P<0.05). Lean body mass and maximal oxygen consumption decreased
with age (P<0.05). Irrespective of _expression_ (absolute, relative to
body surface area, or relative to body mass), arm, leg, and total limb
muscle mass generally decreased with age. Absolute appendicular muscle
mass was not different between the two activity groups. When expressed
relative to body mass or body surface area, appendicular muscle mass in
the endurance-trained middle-aged and older men was significantly higher
than their sedentary peers. The rate of decline in appendicular muscle
mass with age was similar between the two activity groups. The results of
the present cross-sectional study indicate that endurance-trained menhad
significantly higher appendicular skeletal muscle mass relative to body
mass or body size compared with their sedentary peers. This may
contribute, at least in part, to the lower incidence of functional
disability observed in middle-aged and older men who exercise
regularly. |
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